The Ishihara color test charts are used for testing the color vision. 

Testing color vision? No problem with the color test, developed by Dr. Sh. Ishihara. With this test you can quickly detect congenital deficiencies of the color vision. The actual tests are on a greenish, redish or greyish background with different levels of difficulty. This gives you also the kind of color vision deficiency. The book is available in several versions.